Why is L-Cytrulline in HydRave?
L-Cytrulline is a non-protein amino acid that converts to arginine when ingested in the kidneys. Then, it can be used to produce nitric oxide, which can improve blood circulation. Synthesized in the body from arginine and ornithine, oral intake of citrulline can reduce the consumption of these amino acids, increasing their availability for other processes such as the urea cycle [1, 2, 3, 4]. Citrulline can effectively increase the production of nitric oxide, which, according to some studies, can affect exercise parameters, cardiovascular health and improve erections in men.
Properties:
➔ Oral administration of citrulline: May lead to its conversion of more than 80% by the kidneys to arginine using the enzymes argininosuccinate synthase and argininosuccinate lyase, which may lead to increased arginine concentration in the blood [3, 4, 5].
➔ Parallel dosing of citrulline with arginine: May reduce the threshold for effective arginine dose [6]. Administration of citrulline may increase the effective use of arginine. Higher doses of citrulline are converted less and less efficiently to arginine, suggesting that citrulline alone may not fully cover the effects that drastic increases in serum arginine concentration bring. However, the supply of citrulline alone can raise blood arginine levels for a long time [7, 8].
➔ Increases the concentration of other amino acids: It can increase the levels of arginine and ornithine used in the urea cycle, which can potentiate the rate of ammonia removal from the blood [9, 8, 6]. Efficacy in this regard begins with 2g of citrulline.
➔ Improve erectile quality in men: Doses of 1,500 mg per day and above can improve erection quality by increasing nitric oxide production [10, 11]. This effect may last up to 3 hours after a single dose [6, 12], and twice-daily dosing may provide a 24-hour effect [13].
➔ Improved bioavailability: Citrulline is better absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract than arginine, which may make it a more effective source of arginine [14].
➔ Increases nitric oxide synthesis: It may improve blood circulation by increasing the concentration of arginine in the process. Citrulline is converted to L-arginine succinate and then to L-arginine, bypassing the urea cycle [15, 16]. Thus, it may be more effective than direct dosing of arginine [17, 18, 19, 20].
➔Increases ATP production: May promote the production of the energy molecule ATP, which is crucial for maintaining physical activity [21].
➔ Reduces muscle soreness: May reduce muscle soreness after intense exercise [22]
➔ Extends exercise time: May prolong exercise time until exhaustion [23].
➔ No gastric discomfort: High doses of citrulline (as much as 15g) do not cause gastrointestinal complaints such as bloating or diarrhea, probably due to its good digestive absorption [6].
List of scientific sources (to find a study easily, paste it into Google):
1.DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0235-4
2. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00006.2011
3. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.126029
4. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.167
5. DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90002-0
6. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507841110
7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
8. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1509-4
9. DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00289.2007
10. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.08.028
11. DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.06026.x
12. DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1230007
13. doi: 10.3390/nu11071679
14. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32829fb38d
15.DOI: 10.2174/157488909788453004
16.DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.07.001
17. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.193
18. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.167
19. DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.10.2743S
20. DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.155028
21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.068
22. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cb28e0
23. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000210197.02576.da